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forwarding information base
A forwarding information base (FIB), also known as a forwarding table or CAM table, is most commonly used in network bridging, routing, and similar functions to find the proper interface to which the input interface should forward a packet. It is a dynamic table that maps MAC addresses to ports. It is the essential mechanism that separates network switches from network hubs.
== Operation ==
An Ethernet switch's role is to copy Ethernet frames from one port to another. The presence of a CAM table is one attribute that separates a switch from a hub. Without a functional CAM table, all frames received by a network switch would be echoed back out to all other ports, much like an Ethernet hub. A switch should only emit a frame on the port where the destination network device resides (unicast), unless the frame is for all nodes on the switch (broadcast) or multiple nodes (multicast).
Generally, the CAM table is a system memory construct used by Ethernet switch logic to map a station's MAC address to the switch port the station is connected to. This allows switches to facilitate communications between connected stations at high speed regardless of how many devices are connected to the switch. The CAM table is consulted to make the frame forwarding decision. Switches learn MAC addresses from the source address of Ethernet frames on the ports, such as Address Resolution Protocol response packets.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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